The Gene Green papers consist of 55 boxes of material dating from 1973 to 2018 that document Green's service in the Texas State Legislature and the United States House of Representatives.

A Congressional Papers series comprises a large portion of the collection, documenting Green's career in the United States Congress. Arranged chronologically by term, this series contains administrative materials, legislative files, and publicity and press materials. The collection also includes a series of Bill Books from Green's years in the Texas State House and Senate, documenting the legislation considered during each of his terms. The collection's Campaigns, Travel Files, and Clippings series retained Green's original organization and filing system, each documenting different aspects of Green's service. The robust Photographs and Audiovisual Materials series round out the collection, visually documenting Green's Congressional career through photographs and videos of appearances, speeches, and events, often with other notable legislators, politicians, and public figures. These series also retain Green's original chronological organization.